You worry about your children’s teeth, eyes, and other parts of the body. You teach washing, brushing, and grooming, but what do you do about your child's feet-those still-developing feet which have to carry the entire weight of the body through a lifetime? Many adult foot ailments, like other bodily ills, have their origins in childhood and are present at birth. Periodic professional attention and regular foot care can minimize these problems in later life. Neglecting foot health invites problems in other parts of the body, such as the legs and back. There can also be undesirable personality effects. The youngster with troublesome feet walks awkwardly and usually has poor general posture. As a result, the growing child may become shy, introverted, and avoid athletics and social functions. Consultation between Dr. Brusica, your pediatrician, and other medical specialists helps to resolve these related problems.
Your Baby's Feet
The human foot – one of the most complicated parts of the body -has 26 bones, and is laced with ligaments, muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. Because the feet of young children are soft and pliable, abnormal pressure can easily cause deformities. A child's feet grow rapidly during the first year, reaching almost half their adult foot size. This is why Dr. Bruscia considers the first year to be the most important in the development of the feet. Here are some suggestions to help you assure that this development proceeds normally:
- Look carefully at your baby’s feet. If you notice something that does not look normal to you, seek professional care immediately. Deformities will not be outgrown by themselves.
- Cover baby's feet loosely. Tight covers restrict movement and can retard normal development.
- Provide an opportunity for exercising the feet. Lying uncovered enables the baby to kick and perform other related motions which prepare the feet for weight-bearing.
- Change the baby's position several times a day. Lying too long in one spot, especially on the stomach, can put excessive strain on the feet and legs.
Starting To Walk
It is unwise to force a child to walk. When physically and emotionally ready, the child will walk. Comparisons with other children are misleading, since the age for independent walking ranges from 10 to 18 months. When the child first begins to walk, shoes are not necessary indoors. Allowing the youngster to go barefoot or to wear just socks helps the foot to grow normally and to develop its musculature and strength, as well as the grasping action of toes. Of course, when walking outside or on rough surfaces, babies' feet should be protected in lightweight, flexible footwear made of natural materials.
Growing Up
As a child's feet continue to develop, it may be necessary to change shoe and sock size every few months to allow room for the feet to grow. Although foot problems result mainly from injury, deformity, illness, or hereditary factors, improper footwear can aggravate preexisting conditions. Shoes or other footwear should never be handed down. The feet of young children are often unstable because of muscle problems which make walking difficult or uncomfortable. A thorough examination by Dr. Bruscia may detect an underlying defect or condition which may require immediate treatment or consultation with another specialist. The American Podiatric Medical Association has long known of the high incidence of foot defects among the young, and recommends foot health examinations for school children on a regular basis.
Sports Activities
Millions of American children participate in team and inpidual sports, many of them outside the school system, where advice on conditioning and equipment is not always available, Parents should be concerned about children’s involvement in sports that require a substantial amount of running and turning, or involve contact. Protective taping of the ankles is often necessary to prevent sprains or fractures. Parents should consider discussing these matters with their family podiatrist if they have children participating in active sports. Sports-related foot and ankle injuries are on the rise as more children actively participate in sports.
Children's Heel Pain
Heel pain can also occur in children, most commonly between ages 8 and 13, as they become increasingly active in sports activity in and out of school. This physical activity, particularly jumping, irritates the growth centers of the heels; the more active the child, the more likely the condition will occur. When the bones mature, the problems disappear and are not likely to recur. If pain is disabling, professional care may be indicated to provide relief. Other good news is that heel spurs do not often develop in children.
Advice For Parents
Problems noticed at birth will not disappear by themselves. You should not wait until the child begins walking to take care of a problem you've noticed earlier. Remember that lack of complaint by a youngster is not a reliable sign. The bones of growing feet are so flexible that they can be twisted and distorted without the child being aware of it. Walking is the best of all foot exercises, according to podiatrists. They also recommend that walking patterns be carefully observed. Does the child toe in or out, have knock knees, or other gait abnormalities' These problems can be corrected if they are detected early. Going barefoot is a healthy activity for children under the right conditions. However, walking barefoot on dirty pavements exposes children’s feet to the dangers of infection through accidental cuts and to severe contusions, sprains or fractures. Another potential problem is plantar warts, a condition caused by a virus which invades the sole of the foot through cuts and breaks in the skin. They require protracted treatment and can keep children from school and other activities. Be careful about applying home remedies to children's feet. Preparations strong enough to kill certain types of fungus can harm the skin. Whenever you have questions about your child’s foot health, contact Dr. Bruscia.
Orthoses for Children
Orthotic devices are effective in the treatment of children with foot deformities, Dr. Bruscia recommend that children with such deformities be placed in Orthoses soon after they start walking, to stabilize the foot. The devices can be placed directly into a standard shoe, or an athletic shoe. Usually, the orthoses need to be replaced when the child's foot has grown two sizes. Different types of orthoses may be needed as the child's foot develops, and changes shape. The length of time a child needs orthoses varies considerably, depending on the seriousness of the deformity and how soon treatment is initiated.
